วงจรเช็คหาขา ทรานซิสเตอร์

Parts:
R1,R2,R3,R10____10K 1/4W Resistors
R4,R5,R6_______100K 1/4W Resistors
R7,R8,R9________22K 1/4W Resistors

C1,C2,C3_______100nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitors
C4______________47µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

D1,D3,D5_______5mm. Red LEDs
D2,D4,D6_______5mm. Green LEDs

IC1___________4011 Quad 2 input NAND Gate IC
IC2___________4016 or 4066 Quad bilateral switch IC

SW1,SW2,SW3___SPST Toggle or Slide Switches
P1,P2_________SPST Pushbutton Switches

J1,J2,J3______1, 2 or 4mm. chassis sockets - or transistor socket
or leads ended with crocodile clips

B1_______________9V PP3 Battery

Clip for PP3 Battery

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Circuit operation:
A three-phase wave form is derived from the 350Hz ring-of-three oscillator formed by IC1A, IC1B and IC1C, and applied to the device under test via the LEDs. The oscillator wave form enables each pair of device terminals to be forward, reverse and unbiased for one third of a cycle.
Current flowing into the device will turn the appropriate Red LED on and current flowing out will turn on the Green LED. Thus, the position of the Base lead and the polarity of a transistor may be deduced.
IC2A, B and C are used to switch R7, R8 and R9 at once in parallel to R4, R5 and R6 respectively, by pressing P2 Pushbutton. This operation allows higher current drive for the Base lead of the device under test and may be required when low-gain power transistors are tested.
As in most cases the pin layout of TO3 metal encased power devices may be easily deduced, and pin identification is mostly required by low power plastic encapsulated devices, IC2, R7, R8, R9, R10 and P2 can be omitted.

Testing procedure:
Connect randomly the pins of the transistor under test to J1, J2 and J3 sockets or clips.
Close SW1, SW2 and SW3.
Push on P1; if the transistor is in good health the response of the Identifier will be:
Two terminals will show both LEDs illuminated, the remaining one will show a single LED illuminated.
If the LED illuminated is Red, the pin connected to the related connector will be the Base of a NPN transistor.
If the LED illuminated is Green, the pin connected to the related connector will be the Base of a PNP transistor.
Open the switch related to the single illuminated LED: the two terminals showing both LEDs illuminated will change their state and a single LED per terminal will be illuminated. The LED which previously indicated the Base pin will turn-off.
If the transistor was previously identified as NPN, the pin connected to the now illuminated Green LED will be the Emitter, whereas the pin connected to the Red LED will be the Collector.
If the transistor was previously identified as PNP, the pin connected to the now illuminated Red LED will be the Emitter, whereas the pin connected to the Green LED will be the Collector.
This procedure will suffice for reliable pin identification of most transistor types.
In some cases, mainly when low-gain high power transistors are tested, the LED could illuminate faintly and reliable pin identification could be not so easy. Pushing both P1 and P2 will remedy this shortcoming.

Diode testing:
Connect randomly the diode pins to two of the three sockets or clips.
Close SW1, SW2 and SW3.
Push on P1: if the diode is in good health, only one Red LED and one Green LED will illuminate.
The Red LED will signal that the diode pin connected to its related terminal will be the Anode, whereas the Green LED will signal that the diode pin connected to its related terminal will be the Cathode.
Note:
Unfortunately, testing Darlington type transistors could lead to some trouble. In fact, the Base pin and the polarity of these transistor types will be correctly shown by the Pin Identifier in the same way as common transistors, but Collector and Emitter pins will be displayed inverted; i.e. if the transistor was previously identified as NPN, the pin connected to the now illuminated Green LED will be the Collector (NOT the Emitter), whereas the pin connected to the Red LED will be the Emitter (NOT the Collector). On the other hand, if the transistor was previously identified as PNP, the pin connected to the now illuminated Red LED will be the Collector (NOT the Emitter), whereas the pin connected to the Green LED will be the Emitter (NOT the Collector).
This is due to the fact that Darlington power transistors usually incorporate on the same chip a reverse-connected diode across Emitter and Collector.
Doubts can be easily dissipated pushing on P2: Darlington transistors will cause all two LED pairs related to Emitter and Collector pins to illuminate brightly. On the contrary, common transistors will cause only a faint illumination of the remaining LEDs and, usually, a single LED indicating the Collector pin will illuminate.